diff --git a/trytond/backend/postgresql/database.py b/trytond/backend/postgresql/database.py
index f9d7cc9a7a..f49cf3e419 100644
--- a/trytond/backend/postgresql/database.py
+++ b/trytond/backend/postgresql/database.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
 
         if os.name == "nt":
             tmpfile = (os.environ['TMP'] or 'C:\\') + os.tmpnam()
-            file(tmpfile, 'wb').write(data)
+            open(tmpfile, 'wb').write(data)
             args2 = list(args2)
             args2.append(' ' + tmpfile)
             args2 = tuple(args2)
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
     def init(cursor):
         from trytond.tools import safe_eval
         sql_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'init.sql')
-        for line in file(sql_file).read().split(';'):
+        for line in open(sql_file).read().split(';'):
             if (len(line)>0) and (not line.isspace()):
                 cursor.execute(line)
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
             root_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..')
             tryton_file = os.path.join(root_path, i, '__tryton__.py')
             mod_path = os.path.join(root_path, i)
-            info = safe_eval(file(tryton_file).read())
+            info = safe_eval(open(tryton_file).read())
             active = info.get('active', False)
             if active:
                 state = 'to install'
diff --git a/trytond/backend/sqlite/database.py b/trytond/backend/sqlite/database.py
index 73e8a1d1e6..e27eee4deb 100644
--- a/trytond/backend/sqlite/database.py
+++ b/trytond/backend/sqlite/database.py
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
             raise Exception('Wrong database name!')
         path = os.path.join(CONFIG['data_path'],
                 database_name + '.sqlite')
-        file_p = file(path, 'rb')
+        file_p = open(path, 'rb')
         data = file_p.read()
         file_p.close()
         return data
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
                 database_name + '.sqlite')
         if os.path.isfile(path):
             raise Exception('Database already exists!')
-        file_p = file(path, 'wb')
+        file_p = open(path, 'wb')
         file_p.write(data)
         file_p.close()
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
     def init(cursor):
         from trytond.tools import safe_eval
         sql_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'init.sql')
-        for line in file(sql_file).read().split(';'):
+        for line in open(sql_file).read().split(';'):
             if (len(line)>0) and (not line.isspace()):
                 cursor.execute(line)
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class Database(DatabaseInterface):
             root_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', '..')
             tryton_file = os.path.join(root_path, i, '__tryton__.py')
             mod_path = os.path.join(root_path, i)
-            info = safe_eval(file(tryton_file).read())
+            info = safe_eval(open(tryton_file).read())
             active = info.get('active', False)
             if active:
                 state = 'to install'
diff --git a/trytond/ir/attachment.py b/trytond/ir/attachment.py
index 28412fded4..4a693ed359 100644
--- a/trytond/ir/attachment.py
+++ b/trytond/ir/attachment.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Attachment(ModelSQL, ModelView):
                     value = statinfo.st_size
                 else:
                     try:
-                        file_p = file(filename, 'rb')
+                        file_p = open(filename, 'rb')
                         value = base64.encodestring(file_p.read())
                         file_p.close()
                     except IOError:
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Attachment(ModelSQL, ModelView):
         filename = os.path.join(directory, digest)
         collision = 0
         if os.path.isfile(filename):
-            file_p = file(filename, 'rb')
+            file_p = open(filename, 'rb')
             data2 = file_p.read()
             file_p.close()
             if data != data2:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Attachment(ModelSQL, ModelView):
                     filename = os.path.join(directory,
                             digest + '-' + str(collision2))
                     if os.path.isfile(filename):
-                        file_p = file(filename, 'rb')
+                        file_p = open(filename, 'rb')
                         data2 = file_p.read()
                         file_p.close()
                         if data == data2:
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ class Attachment(ModelSQL, ModelView):
                     collision = collision2 + 1
                     filename = os.path.join(directory,
                             digest + '-' + str(collision))
-                    file_p = file(filename, 'wb')
+                    file_p = open(filename, 'wb')
                     file_p.write(data)
                     file_p.close()
         else:
-            file_p = file(filename, 'wb')
+            file_p = open(filename, 'wb')
             file_p.write(data)
             file_p.close()
         cursor.execute('UPDATE ir_attachment ' \
diff --git a/trytond/ir/gen_time_locale.py b/trytond/ir/gen_time_locale.py
index 1e84307bff..500c80e88b 100644
--- a/trytond/ir/gen_time_locale.py
+++ b/trytond/ir/gen_time_locale.py
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def locale_strftime(lang):
     return time_locale
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    fp = file(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'time_locale.py'), 'w')
+    fp = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'time_locale.py'), 'w')
     fp.write('''# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #This file is part of Tryton.  The COPYRIGHT file at the top level of')
 #this repository contains the full copyright notices and license terms.')
diff --git a/trytond/tools/misc.py b/trytond/tools/misc.py
index 1408b384cd..5012b537be 100644
--- a/trytond/tools/misc.py
+++ b/trytond/tools/misc.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def file_open(name, mode="r", subdir='modules'):
                 name2 = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(head + '.zip', zipname))
     for i in (name2, name, name3):
         if i and os.path.isfile(i):
-            return file(i, mode)
+            return open(i, mode)
 
     raise IOError, 'File not found : '+str(name)